1:1 ABM builds a distinct campaign for a single named account, with messaging, creative and a destination made for that company alone. It sits at the top of a three-tier model alongside 1:few, which groups a handful of similar accounts, and 1:many, which personalises by segment rather than by company.
When the deal value justifies the production cost, and when you can name the buying committee. The usual test is whether a rep could explain why this account is different from the twenty next to it. If they cannot, the personalisation will read as a mail merge and do more harm than a good generic campaign.
Most working programmes run all three at once rather than choosing. A tier one list of twenty accounts gets 1:1 treatment, a tier two list of two hundred gets 1:few by industry or use case, and everything else gets 1:many by segment. The tiers are a budget allocation, not a philosophy.
Production, almost always. A single 1:1 campaign is straightforward. Twenty of them, refreshed quarterly, is a full-time job unless the assets are generated rather than built. This is the constraint that decides how many accounts a lean team can genuinely run.
Userled runs 1:1, 1:few and 1:many campaigns against the same account list.